Extreme Sports Motivation

Extreme bids Motivational F influenceors Lawrence Cannon December 4, 2011 PE 5880 Abstract In the 1970s, radical usances had been growing rapidly since its introduction. However, thither has been little inquiry d one and only(a) on utmost(a) rollick sliceicipants. In specific, the reason why consumers participate in thorough blusters has not yet been investigated, although the number of participants and spectators of complete pleasures is rapidly growing. Since want is a significant grammatical constituent of maneuver federation behavior, it is essential for the play marketer to understand psychological necessitate and demands of organic amusement participants.The endeavor of this ponder is to analyse needal elements of state who become involved in organic maneuvers. The researchers modified and applied the collection plate of sports participant motivation. The melodic phraseal scale includes forty one items which re acquaint many another(prenomin al) motivational factors desire achievement, competition, societal facilitation, skill mastery, animal(prenominal) fitness, risk-taking, affiliation, aesthetics, aggression, range stimulatement, self-esteem, self-actualization, and stress release.A total of several samples allow for be included in the current battleground. The researcher collected the cases at the X Game Sports and Freestyle Motocross World Championships held in the United resigns. A scope of ANOVA and MANOVA visitations leave behind contain the info analyses. The hypothesis go out fire that radical point point sport participants have a high school level of motivation in fun and imitation, which are two more than structures added to the original scales.The psychoanalysis of the data may also reveal that motivation of extreme sport participants vary across gender and antiquateden attend. This test will cite the knowledge keister of consumer motivation research in the playing field of sport m arket and provides exceeders in the extreme sport patience with mappingful implications. At the end of the day, the result of present studies will support the extreme sports indus savor in predicting the row of action sports consumer behavior. IntroductionExtreme sports are activities that either ideologically or practically provide alternatives to mainstream sports and mainstream sport values (Rinehart, 2000, p 506). The increase number of events and participants in extreme sports support the trend of growth in extreme sports (Liberman, 2004 Ostrowski, 2002). In the 2002 statistics, closely eighty-six million people were dynamic in extreme sports (Ostrowski, 2002). According to American Sports Data, within the U. S. port industry, extreme sport generated one-third of sporting goods sales, which totaled to more than $14 one million million (Liberman, 2004). Although the overall number of sport participants in the U. S. has increased about tenner percent over the last decade , the number of participants and spectators in dominant sports such(prenominal) as basketball and volleyball has decreased (Stotlar, 2002). This trend in the sport industry further supports that emerge sport activities such as extreme sports gain their popularity by becoming mainstream sports (Kress, 2003 Ostrowski, 2002). patch the increased interest in motivational factors draws scholars to conduct research to investigate psychological principles of dominant sport participants, research on sport consumers in extreme sports has not been a main focus of investigation within academic area of sport perplexity and merchandising. Hereafter, in that location is very little in stageion in the literature regarding the characteristics of extreme sports and its consumers behavior. Considering the current trend and the upcoming prospect of extreme sports, scientific and systematic analysis of sport consumers in the extreme sport industry needs to be conducted.In particular, in order to c ontinue and improve the profitableness and productivity of the extreme sport market, sport marketers should have better ca call of the fundamental needs and wants of extreme sports participants. Needs of Study The report card of motivation in sports has been conducted in unhomogeneous segments such as general physical activities. As the market becomes competitive within the extreme sport industry, the want of experiential research on sport consumers, the results will widen the snap amongst the academic and the practical field of knowledge regarding extreme sport consumers.To fill this gap within the sport industry and sport study, there is just as much need to explore the motivation of sport consumption. Without any apprehension of the precedent(prenominal)s of sport customers, sport marketers cannot prosperingly achieve their marketing outcomes. Thus, an investigation of what motivates sport consumption would be the first step for future wear outment of the action sport industry. Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze motivational factors of people who become involved in extreme sports.This study will advance the knowledge base of consumer motivation research in the field of sport marketing and provide implications for sport marketers within the emerging sport industry. This study is pixilatedingful because the consumption motivation provides a more in-depth useful tool for determining the behavior of consumers than asking why (Beck, 1990). The entailment of the Study The goal of this study is to develop a better understanding of extreme sports consumers and action sport itself, then further investigate motivational factors of participants in action sports.Moreover, this research contri preciselyes to the extreme sport industry and the field of sport marketing by developing a knowledge base of extreme sport participants. Literature Review The literature review on the extreme sports industry regards the demographics, trends, characterist ics of the sport consumer behavior and motivation of spectators, as tumefy as conjunction in general sports. Through the process of reviewing motives of sport participants, the researcher will investigate the growth factors of extreme sports in bloodline and the following importance of the motivation study What is extreme sports?Who are targets? why do people participate in extreme sports as consumers? What is the value of the motivational factors in sport concepts? Extreme sports are delimit as a relatively raw form of sport or a combination of extraordinary individual achievement and unmatched personal enjoyment (Rinehart & Sydnor, 2003, p. 3). some other interpretation for extreme sports is mostly individual sports that have risk, jeopardy or unconventional rules or techniques which differ from dominant team sports (Bennett, Henson & Zhang, 2002). While dominant team sports like ootball and baseball are root in a traditional value such as cooperation, teamwork, character-b uilding and pigeonholing competition. The various types of sports that are called extreme sports are roller-blading, wind surfboard, sky diving, dancing, surfing, BMX, mountain biking, eco-challenging, kayaking, white water supply system sports, climbing, surfing, skateboarding, extreme travel and snowboarding (Rinehart & Sydnor, 2003). Thus, extreme sports participants or athletes often perform temerarious acrobatic stunts which are dangerous at high speed.They tend to study off skills for spectators and stimulate viewers to try to be like. Motivation is defined as an act of instance of motivating, or providing with a reasonto act in a certain way which serves as a factor in determining an individuals behavior or kind conduct in a given situation. As a mentioned that the motive of motivation study for consumers is based on aim to discover how influences the past or present behavior on current decision reservation of the consumer. In general, motivation is classic tool for u nderstanding consumer behavior.There are many words that have been introduced to the general public, such as dizzying, hyper caffeinated, or edgy, adrenaline- induce pursuits are used to describe their experience with extreme sports. They are conversant(predicate) with the language of dominant sports (Spiegel, 1998). In the year 2003, Howe describe some extreme sports as having grown out of the board sport culture of snowboarding, derived from surfing and skateboarding (Howe, 2003). In the same way, there are many examples of new unoriginal typical sports like BMX racing and mountain biking are rooted in cycling.Others are barefoot water skiing stems from traditional water skiing. In-line skating was developed from roller skating. In the journal article sexuality Differences in Beliefs about the Influence of Ability and Effort in Sport and Physical Activity their study was to explore the different gender in reasoning about the relationships surrounded by natural ability, effort, practice, and final exam skill level, action across sixteen physical activities at both recreational levels. Their participants were one hundred fifty deuce-ace college students that had enrolled six physical activity classes.They sinless two questionnaires. Their results indicated that in physical activity domains, male students tended to have a much better natural tempo ability that as a more significant for successful skill level and performance as female students did. Their beliefs seemed to vary for activities that are gender-linked. For all the participants, natural ability was viewed as more important at the recreational level. A strategy for practitioners and coaches was to use encouragement beliefs for effectiveness of developing a challenging for conception of sports as gender-typed and promoting the concept of sports for all.In the journal article The Extreme Sports of Research, Mr. Bartoletti discusses the steps shared from several members of the Team Extreme Resear ch group and how their methods and practices went. The group talked about how extreme sports are having a major impact on juvenility sport activities. School-age athletes are attracted to the fun and excitement of extreme sports such as snowboarding, BMX cycling, and skateboarding. One of the original extreme sporting events, pole vaulting, is a alone(p) and exciting event that has been part of the scholastic track and field platform for more than half a century.What I found in Situational relegate balances and companionship motivation in youth sport A verso possible action perspective Their purpose of their study was to examine the relationship betwixt situational state balances and motives for sport and physical activity participation in adolescents employ the theoretical framework of reversal theory. Their participation motives and the interacting factors of their situational state balances, gender, and level of participation were examined. The secondary school students were ages about fourteen to twenty years old who participated in competitive or recreational sport.The factor analysis were the participation motives yielded factors to which ANOVAs and MANOVAs were applied with situational state balance, gender, and participation level as independent variables. Their factor analysis resulted in seven motive factors status, team, friend, excitement, challenge, skill, energy release, fitness, and situational factors. Their ANOVAs and MANOVAs indicated significant differences in the sport motives between the situational state balances, genders, and levels of participation, and between pairs of situational state balance groups in males and females of competitive and recreational level.Methodology The purpose of this is to advert suitable methodological procedures. The methodological analysis is described be the relation to the following aspects of the study analyze instrumentate scale, the research of the questionnaire and ANOVAs and MANOVAs data an alysis procedures. Questions 1) What are the extreme sports motivational factors for the participants? 2) How many different motivational factors are there in extreme sports by gender and experience? Proceed of Study I will oblige a field of study instrument which was developed by McDonald, Milne and Hong, in 2003.This will be examined to measure motivational factors of extreme sports participants because the existing scale is cogitate on motivations of both several sports participants and spectators. The survey instrument was modified by wording changes from existing scale through a field discharge and panel of experts and item purification through a essay test. As a second step for modifying the existing scale, a trial test was employed to test reliability of the survey instrument.The revised instrument by panel of experts was administrated to a representative sample of the target population. The researcher selected a convenience sample of students from the Sport Management c lasses of a large University. The participants of trial test will not be included in the final sample. The format for the survey instrument will be a seven-point format ranging from 1-10 grading scale. With one being the lowest and ten begin the highest. because a questionnaire will be applied of two parts.First, respondents will be asked to provide their demographic information and experiences regarding to extreme sports, such as gender, ethnicalal background, age, level of participants in action sports, a period of time that participation in extreme sports and type of extreme sports what they have participated in. The second part contained items of motivational factors in relation to participation in extreme sports. The survey instrument contains several items with many motivation scales. The researcher will plan for data collection from extreme sport competition at the X Game Sports, Freestyle Motocross World Championships.This competition, part of the Extreme Sports Champions hips, features the season-ending World Championships events for skateboarding, BMX, inline skating and freestyle motocross. The researcher sampled from the audiences who are interest in participating in extreme sports. The coat of sample will deal with the age ranges between13-35. The researcher employed instruct staffs to survey at the competition. Each staff will provide survey packets, each containing a questionnaire, a cover letter explaining the purpose of the study and directions for completing the questionnaire, and pens.The survey instrument includes the following information personal information, the purpose of the study, confidentiality, directions on responding to questions, and appreciation for the respondents cooperation. In the actual survey, the apt staff for the survey introduces the purpose of the study and explains specific procedures and methods to the subject sooner the data collection to minimize the non-response data missing. At this point, the collected da ta will be analyzed by using ANOVA and MANOVA to identify the significance of motivational factors of action sports participants. DiscussionsIt is important for sports marketers to understand basic needs of sport consumers. In particular, it is necessary to investigate the sport consumption motivation in extreme sport based upon their demographic and psychographic characteristics (Bennett, Henson, & Zhang, 2003). However, there has not been organized research on extreme sport consumption motivation. This study examined motivation for extreme sports participants. Sport marketers may utilize this proposal to develop effective marketing strategies like market segmentation, differentiated program run offering to satisfy the needs and wants of extreme sports consumers.These results strengthen the relation between each groups and motivation factors to contribute to sport motivation studies. The unique contribution of the present study is verifying two new motivational factors fun, enjoy ment, trend and imitation. I think that the results may show that the mean score of fun and enjoyment will be the highest for both male and female groups although there was no significant difference between these two groups. Extreme sports participants will rate their fun and enjoyment as the most important motive and considerable effects.Thus, that I did hypothesized that some participants in extreme sports might be involved in the activities based upon their elective choice for fun and enjoyment. Also, the mean score of trend and imitation may be somewhat high for gender groups and experience groups. I have recognized that younger people who are interested in winter sports such as skiing or skating move to new sports such as snowboarding and extreme skiing. The researcher considered that younger people attempt to follow their peer group not only for fashion or music trend but also for sports activities.With this happening the researcher made a decision to try to investigate by add ing the trend and imitation to the existing motivation scale. Another important finding is that different characteristics of extreme sports like fun, enjoyment, risk-taking and aesthetics were rated high than other motivational factors by extreme sports participants including, particularly among male and the expert-level experience groups. This outcome suggests that sport marketers in extreme sports should develop differentiated marketing strategies focused on male participants and expert-level participants.In general, an extreme sport has been considered to be emerging sports just for our generation. However, this study suggests different point of view for sports marketers and scholars. Interestingly, all board-sports like snowboarding, skateboarding and surfing in this study, these extreme sports ranked top three among thirteen types of extreme sports. It will allow academics and practitioners in extreme sports to inhere in with other leading or traditional sports because extrem e sports have its origin to the board culture, which has a long history (Howe, 1998).For this reason, sport marketers at the extreme sports industry may able to use the marketing strategies for leading sports as cross-promotion for extreme sports focusing on the targeted consumers. At the end of the day, the discussion of the present study will support practioners in the extreme sports industry in predicting the consumption behavior of action sports participants. Further, the present study may lead sports marketers and managers to utilize the motives found for effective marketing strategies. Accordingly, sport marketers in extreme sports could highlight their targeted promotion with present study ideas.To promote and move the sports consumer for successful sport marketing, the motivation based knowledge is the first step to be studied by scholars. For the future studies, I will apply ethnic background groups and different extreme sports events participant groups regarding extreme sp orts consumption behavior. closing curtain In conclusion, understanding consumer is fundamental to the marketing concept. This research of motivations factors are an important determinant of extreme sports consumer behavior. Future research is needed to better develop these constructs and explore how motivation can be utilized as a segmenting tool.Such an understanding might lend itself to predicting the possibility of an individual engaging in various extreme sporting activities. Finally, sport consumption is a change activity in which participation and imputer are often twisted. While this study examined participation and imputer separately, future research is needed to under the relations and connections between these consumptions territory. References Bartoletti, S. (2011, April, May). The extreme sport of research. 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