The laboratory diagnosis, monitoring and management of the diabetic Essay

The laboratory diagnosis, monitoring and management of the diabetic patient - Essay Example This disorder is known as hyperglycemia. Many other metabolic abnormalities occur, notably an increase in ketone bodies in the blood when there is severe lack of insulin (Jacobs, 1996). Glucose measurement in an accredited laboratory should be the rationale of ant diagnosis of diabetes. In the laboratory, glucose tolerance test is not norm ally required in regular clinical practice. It can only be carried out if uncertainty exists in younger patients, or to find out an exact diagnosis in pregnancy. For, results that can be counted on, glucose tolerance tests should be carried out in the morning after an overnight fast, with the patient being required to sit calmly and not smoking. In addition, the patient should have normal meals for the previous three days and should not have been dieting. Inaccurate results may be achieved if the patient has been ill recently or has had prolonged bed rest (Fine, 2008). During glucose tolerance test, blood glucose concentrations are determined and are measured fasting and then one and two hours after a drink of 75g of glucose in a volume of waster, approximately 250-350ml. it is recommended that the water be flavored, for example, with pure lemon juice. Further, urine tests should be carried out before the glucose drink and at one and two hours. According to WHO, ADA, and diabetes UK, the criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes states that: symptoms of diabetes plus casual venous plasma glucose11.1mmol/1. They define casual as any time of the day without regard to time since the last meal was taken. Some of the classic symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss. Secondly, fasting plasma glucose should be or whole blood. Fasting is defined as no calorie intake for at least eight hours. Another criterion for diagnosis is: 2 hour plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test using 75g